Exosomes
Exosomes are small packets of information containing proteins, mRNA, and miRNA, with approximately 2.26 x 10^10 per ml. They act as nano-sized biovesicles released into body fluids, carrying specific cargos and capable of reprogramming recipient cells by their bioactive compounds. Particularly, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer therapeutic benefits in various diseases and injuries due to their contained proteins and RNAs. They regulate inflammation such as in diabetics, aid in treating brain injuries such as in strokes and traumatic brain injury by crossing the blood-brain barrier, promote bone repair and heal chronic wounds etc. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes show potential in suppressing inflammatory responses and preventing multiple organ failure.
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